Coffee Lovers USA |
| Decaf Espresso is a concentrated coffee beverage brewed by forcing very hot, but not boiling, water under high pressure through coffee that has been ground to a consistency between extremely fine and powder. It works the same for decaf espresso also. It was invented and has undergone development in Milan, Italy, since the beginning of the 20th century, but up until the mid 1940s it was a beverage produced solely with steam pressure. The invention of the spring piston lever machine and its subsequent commercial success changed espresso into the beverage we know today, produced with between 9 and 10 atmospheres, or Bars, of pressure. Three methods for decaffeination Commercial decaffeination was born in Germany in 1905, when Ludwig Roselius and Karl Wimmer developed a method that used benzene to remove the caffeine from green beans. In this approach, now known as the direct method, green beans are first hydrated to open the pores, then soaked or rinsed with a solvent that extracts the caffeine, steamed to remove solvent residues and then dried. Benzene, an extremely toxic chemical, was subsequently replaced by methylene chloride. More recently, ethyl acetate has been added to the direct decaffeinator's arsenal. Methylene chloride is a very efficient decaffeinator, and its low boiling point (104 degrees Fahrenheit) means that the residues can be steamed off at a very low temperature. But health concerns have led some roasters to shy away from it. (Proponents argue that the residue left in the beans is well below the amount allowed by the FDA and virtually disappears during the roasting process.) Ethyl acetate, which is derived from fruit, is considered more "natural," but it has a much higher boiling point (174 degrees Fahrenheit), meaning the beans are subject to much more heat in the steaming process. In the initial stage of the water-decaffeination process, green beans are soaked in water to create an extract that includes both the coffee compounds and the caffeine. The extract is then filtered through carbon to remove the caffeine so that it can be used to extract caffeine from subsequent batches of beans while leaving most of the other flavor compounds intact. The extract is then used repeatedly to decaffeinate new batches of coffee, and it is filtered through carbon as necessary to remove the caffeine. In the early days of this process, the beans to be decaffeinated experienced longer contact time with the heated green coffee extract, practically soaking in it. But today, in the Swiss Water process at least, the beans are placed in vertical cylinders, and the extract, which is heated to around 175 degrees Fahrenheit, is trickled down through a tower of beans to minimize bean-to-liquid contact time while still efficiently extracting caffeine. Finally, we have the super-critical gas method, in which the beans to be decaffeinated are hydrated and then immersed in heated CO2 at intense pressure (220 to 300 bars). At these temperatures, the gaseous CO2 is compressed to a liquid, causing caffeine to diffuse out of the bean and dissolve into the liquid CO2. |
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